Is economic freedom necessary for technology diffusion?

Benhabib and Spiegel (1996) argue that human capital increases technological diffusion and, as a result, has a positive effect on economic growth. When human capital is accounted for in this way they find that other institutional variables do not affect growth. Their finding are re-examined by considering the effects of economic freedom on technology spillovers, hence on growth, and it is found that the greater the economic freedom in a country, the greater the amount of technological, diffusion. More generally, this research suggests that institutional variables which are captured by economic freedom do indeed have an impact on growth, but only through technological diffusion. However, after accounting for the effects of economic freedom on technological diffusion, there is only weak evidence that human capital has a positive effect on technological diffusion.