The differential diagnosis and management of asthma in the preschool-aged child

Purpose To discuss the diagnosis and management of asthma in preschool-aged children by nurse practitioners in primary care. Data sources Selected research and clinical articles; 2007 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Conclusions Proper diagnosis leads to appropriate treatment of asthma in preschool-aged children, which facilitates asthma control. Well-controlled asthma results in fewer asthma exacerbations, fewer nighttime awakenings, and an increased ability to engage in normal childhood activities. Implications for practice Advanced practice nurses are in the position to aid in the initial diagnosis of asthma in preschool-aged children through taking detailed medical histories, providing thorough physical examinations, and, if needed, initiating a therapeutic trial with an inhaled corticosteroid. Proper diagnosis and management of asthma is essential to reduce asthma complications, such as exacerbations leading to emergency department visits and hospitalizations.