The effects of soybean, linseed and marine oils on aerobic gut microbiota of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L. before and after challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida ssp salmonicida

Populations of heterotrophic bacteria present in the hindgut region of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L. fed dietary soybean, linseed and marine oils before challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida and marine oil after challenge were estimated using the dilution plate technique. There were differences in bacterial composition between the rearing groups before and after challenge, as well as interindividual variations. For example, carnobacteria were only isolated from the hindgut region of fish fed soybean oil and linseed oil before challenge, whereas Carnobacterium spp. and Carnobacterium funditum -like species were isolated from fish fed the same oils after challenge. Three non-motile Aeromonas spp. were isolated from infected fish fed marine oil. One of these isolates was identified as identical to A . salmonicida ssp. salmonicida used in&the challenge test by microbial fingerprinting (amplified fragment length polymorphism). Electron microscopic examinations of hindgut regions demonstrated substantial numbers of bacterial cells associated with enterocytes, but bacterial colonization of the enterocyte surface varied between different rearing groups. The potential of bacteria found associated with the hindgut region to inhibit the fish pathogens A . salmonicida , Vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum differed between rearing groups.