Mass Absorption Cross-Section of Ambient Black Carbon Aerosol in Relation to Chemical Age

Three differing techniques were used tomeasure ambient black carbon (BC) aerosols in downtown Toronto through 20 December 2006 to 23 January 2007. These techniques were thermal analysis, as performed by a Sunset Labs OCEC Analyzer (OCEC); light attenuation, as performed by an Aethalometer (AE); and photoacoustic analysis, as performed by a Photoacoustic Instrument (PA). These measurements of ambient PM2.5 were used to investigate the effects of coating thickness on BC Mass Absorption Cross-section (MAC). MAC values were determined by comparing 880 nm and 370 nm AE measurements and PA measurements of b(abs) (absorption coefficient, Mm(-1)) to the OCEC measurements. Based on mass size distributions and supporting criteria, the PM2.5 was classified as fresh, semi-aged, or aged. The average MAC values in these categories, based on the PA measurements, were 9.3 +/- 1.8, 9.9 +/- 2.0, and 9.3 +/- 2.2 m(2)/g (mean +/- standard deviation), respectively, suggesting that any difference in coating thickness as a result of aging, on the time scale observed, did not produce a difference in MAC. In a second type of experiment, a thermodenuder was installed upstream of the AE, PA, and OCEC and samples were heated to 340 degrees C in order to evaporate volatile and semi-volatile components within the coating. Based on the PA measurements, the average MAC values of these heated samples, for the fresh, semi-aged, and aged categories were 7.7 +/- 2.2, 6.9 +/- 2.2, and 9.1 +/- 2.0 m(2)/g, respectively. Similar differences in MAC were also observed by the AE. The decrease in MAC in the fresh and semi-aged samples was interpreted in terms of the degree of coating of the PM2.5. Results agreed well with predictions made by absorption amplification theory and had ramifications for calibration of filter-base attenuation and photoacoustic instruments.