Brake system noise and vibration - a review

This paper contains a critical review of research in the general area of brake noise and vibration that has taken place since 1991 when Crolla and Lang [1] presented the state of the art. The main thrust of the present review focuses on the growth of knowledge in the area of brake squeal that derives from both experimental and theoretical research. It distinctively concentrates on the subcategories that comprise the general brake noise field for both disc and drum brakes, such as low and high frequency squeal. Attention, however, is also given to recent investigations on brake judder and low frequency noise. Traditional analytical methods such as complex eigenvalue and non-linear transient analysis using lumped parameter models as well as advanced finite element models, are discussed, in conjunction with new experimental techniques. A condensed description of the theories behind noise that formed the basis of all recent investigations is also provided. The paper also summarises other current issues of concern to the brake engineer and concludes with a look forward to potential problems that await solution.