A Review of Li-Ion Battery's Thermal Runaway Mitigation Strategies with an Eye towards a Smarter BTMS

Correctly determining the battery's state of health is crucial for ensuring driving safety and preventing fire threats in electric vehicles. Commercially speaking, Li-ion batteries are the best power source for a variety of uses. However, Li-ion batteries' special characteristics make them vulnerable to thermal runaway, which can cause fires and explosions. For battery cells as well as battery packages, numerous solutions have been used to reduce safety risks before thermal runaway occurs. The safety measures for Li-ion batteries are discussed in this article, along with positive temperature coefficient thermistors, positive temperature coefficient electrodes, current interrupt devices, safety vents, protection circuitry, shutdown separators, electrolyte additives, safe electrolytes, passive protection designs in battery packages, and battery management systems. The causes, counter measures, negative effects, applications and the discussion of typical tactics is followed by an investigation of prospective future methods for risk mitigation.