Co-Transplantation of Nanofat Enhances Neovascularization and Fat Graft Survival in Nude Mice

Background: Autologous fat grafting is commonly used for soft-tissue augmentation and reconstruction. However, this technique is limited by a high rate of graft absorption. Thus, approaches to improve fat graft survival that promote neovascularization are of great interest. Nanofat has several beneficial features that may render it more suitable for clinical applications than other stem-cell based approaches. Objectives: We aimed to determine whether nanofat could enhance new vessel formation and improve the long-term retention of fat grafts. Methods: Nanofat was processed via mechanical emulsification and filtration. Fat grafts were transplanted subcutaneously under the scalps of nude mice with different nanofat volumes or without nanofat. The grafted fat was dissected 12 weeks after transplantation. Graft weight and volume were measured, and histological evaluations, including capillary density measurement, were performed. Results: The co-transplantation of fat with nanofat showed higher graft weight and volume retention, better histological structure, and higher capillary density compared to that in controls. However, there were no significant differences between the two nanofat volumes utilized. Conclusions: Nanofat can enhance neovascularization and improve fat graft survival, providing a potential clinically viable approach to fat graft supplementation in plastic and reconstructive surgery.