Introduction: Oral delivery of therapeutics, particularly protein-based pharmaceutics, is of great interest for safe and controlled drug delivery for patients. Hydrogels offer excellent potential as oral therapeutic systems due to inherent biocompatibility, diversity of both natural and synthetic material options and tunable properties. In particular, stimuli-responsive hydrogels exploit physiological changes along the intestinal tract to achieve site-specific, controlled release of protein, peptide and chemotherapeutic molecules for both local and systemic treatment applications. Areas covered: This review provides a wide perspective on the therapeutic use of hydrogels in oral delivery systems. General features and advantages of hydrogels are addressed, with more considerable focus on stimuli-responsive systems that respond to pH or enzymatic changes in the gastrointestinal environment to achieve controlled drug release. Specific examples of therapeutics are given. Last, in vitro and in vivo methods to evaluate hydrogel performance are discussed. Expert opinion: Hydrogels are excellent candidates for oral drug delivery, due to the number of adaptable parameters that enable controlled delivery of diverse therapeutic molecules. However, further work is required to more accurately simulate physiological conditions and enhance performance, which is important to achieve improved bioavailability and increase commercial interest.
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China
Liu, Lijia
Wu, Dan
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China
Wu, Dan
Tu, Heng
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China
Tu, Heng
Cao, Mengjiao
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China
Cao, Mengjiao
Li, Mengxin
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China
Li, Mengxin
Peng, Li
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Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Bioresource & Ecoenvironm, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China
Peng, Li
Yang, Jing
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, Natl Clin Res Ctr Oral Dis, Dept Cariol & Endodont, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China
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Nova SE Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USANova SE Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA
Mastropietro, David J.
Omidian, Hossein
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Nova SE Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USANova SE Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA
Omidian, Hossein
Park, Kinam
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Purdue Univ, Dept Pharmaceut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
Purdue Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USANova SE Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA
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Natl Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Med Engn, Rourkela 769008, IndiaNatl Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Med Engn, Rourkela 769008, India
Qureshi, Dilshad
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Nayak, Suraj Kumar
Maji, Samarendra
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SRM Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kanchipuram 603203, Tamil Nadu, IndiaNatl Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Med Engn, Rourkela 769008, India
Maji, Samarendra
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Anis, Arfat
Kim, Doman
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Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Int Agr Technol, Gwangwon Do 25354, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Green BioSci & Technol, Gwangwon Do 25354, South KoreaNatl Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Med Engn, Rourkela 769008, India
Kim, Doman
Pal, Kunal
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Natl Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Med Engn, Rourkela 769008, IndiaNatl Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Med Engn, Rourkela 769008, India