Soret and Dufour effects on thermosolutal convection developed in a salt gradient solar pond

A numerical investigation of Soret and Dufour effects on heat and mass transfer in a Salt Gradient Solar Pond (SGSP) and its storage efficiency under meteorological conditions of Tangier (Morocco) is presented. This SGSP consists of an open square cavity filled with a saline solution. Its vertical and bottom walls are adiabatic and impermeable. Transfers are described by the Navier-Stokes, thermal energy and diffusion equations which are solved with a finite volume scheme and the Gauss method. The link between the pressure and velocity fields is carried out by the SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical model, developed in Fortran 95 language, is satisfactorily validated by comparisons with previously published numerical and experimental studies. Results show that the Dufour effect on thermosolutal convection in a SGSP is more relevant than the Soret effect. Nevertheless, increasing the value of the Dufour coefficient from 0 to 0.8 improves heat and mass transfer in the SGSP. Therefore, the amount of the thermal energy accumulated in the storage zone is reduced by about 5.56 %. In addition, the heat losses through the SGSP free surface are improved by around 8.53 %.