Decomposition of Fe5C2 catalyst particles in carbon nanofibers during TEM observation

The effect of an electron beam on nanoparticles of two Fe carbide catalysts inside a carbon nanofiber was investigated in a transmission electron microscope. Electron beam exposure does not result in significant changes for cementite (theta-Fe3C). However, for Hagg carbide nanoparticles (chi-Fe5C2), explosive decay is observed after exposure for 5-10 s. This produces small particles of cementite and gamma-Fe, each covered with a multilayer carbon shell, and significantly modifies the carbon-fiber structure. It is considered that the decomposition of Hagg carbide is mostly due to the damage induced by high-energy electron collisions with the crystal lattice, accompanied by the heating of the particle and by mechanical stress provided by the carbon layers of the nanofiber.