Biological activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. (malunggay) crude seed extract

Fresh seeds of malunggay, Moringa oleifera Lam., were soaked using methanol, concentrated under reduced pressure and lyophilized. The resulting crude extract was diluted using phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on a 1:1 ratio. 0.2 mL each of the 10, 20, 30 x 10(-6) gmL(-1) dosages of crude seed extract (C) and crude seed extract with retinoic acid (ERA) were administered to 3-d-old and 7-d-old duck embryos using a modified windowing technique. Results were compared against positive control (with retinoic acid), negative control (with PBS), and untreated setups. The crude seed extract of malunggay exhibited no teratogenic activity on the developing 3-dold duck embryos but showed teratogenic activity on the developing 7-d-old embryo by delaying feather formation. The crude seed extract also showed antiteratogenic activity against retinoic acid on both 3-d-old and 7-d-old embryos. The malunggay seed extract also exhibited antiangiogenic activity.