Evaluating alternative methods of asset pricing based on the overall magnitude of pricing errors

We are the first pioneers who evaluate the overall fitness of the two-pass Fama-MacBeth regression and the generalized method of moments (GMM) by comparing the R-2 or mean absolute pricing error (MAE), using a Monte Carlo simulation of different models and portfolios for hundreds of trials and, in particular, focusing on the case that the expected return is always a gross return in both methods. Our findings reveal an innovative finding that both methodologies achieve approximate overall magnitudes of pricing errors.