Multi-level perspective for the development and diffusion of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks

The diffusion of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks (FC-HDTs) has the potential to transform the logistics sector, making it more sustainable. However, in-depth studies of this technology remain scarce. The fundamental industry transition affects several stakeholders, from vehicle manufacturers and hydrogen suppliers to end-user logistics firms and policymakers/associations. The creation of enabling conditions and the reduction of barriers must be ensured for a successful adoption. In this study, which applies socio-technical transition theory and the multi-level perspective approach, expert interviews were conducted. The objective of the study is to investigate what factors influence the adaptation of FC-HDTs and what stakeholders expect from each other to leverage these factors. The results and discussion lead to the presentation of the development and diffusion framework of FC-HDTs. This study shows that the elimination of infrastructure barriers is particularly important. Furthermore, to accelerate the transition of FC-HDTs from a niche innovation to a dominant technology there is a need for greater industry-government collabo-ration. Here, also more efforts must be made to ensure that the technology meets the re-quirements of logistics firms.