COVID-19 and the One Health approach: a systematic review

Introduction: In December 2019, was identified in Wuhan, China, the presence of a new coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, which quickly spread throughout the world in a pandemic manner. The natural history of the disease adapts itself in an emblematic way in the One Health approach, which are disease control strategies that seek more broadly to discuss the inseparable aspects of human, animal and environmental health. Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the application of the concepts of One Health in the current pandemic context of COVID-19. Method: The study followed the PRISMA guidelines for the preparation of systematic reviews. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs and Google Scholar. The search terms used were (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019-nCoV) AND "One Health". Results: In the qualitative synthesis, 62 publications were included, 28 (45.2%) presented proposals for COVID-19 health surveillance through the One Health approach and 34 (54.8%) only reported the importance of this approach in controlling the virus. There was an increase in publications on the two themes over the months analyzed. Conclusions: Biological issues (investigations related to viruses, hosts and biotechnology) were the most discussed topics as One Health strategies, to the detriment of social, economic and behavioral issues. Government policies must be adopted to guarantee multiprofessional health actions. It is also up to professionals to promote and apply this concept, in an articulated and interdisciplinary way. The applicability of One Health in the pandemic context experienced by COVID-19 is imperative.