Environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: photochemistry and phototoxicity

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental contaminants that has long been of interest in the fields of organic chemistry, theoretical chemistry, physical chemistry, environmental science, toxicology, cancer research, and energy sciences. Concerning environmental science and cancer research, majority of the research has focused on the occurrence, environmental fate, degradation/remediation, chemical transformation, genotoxicity, metabolism and metabolic activation, DNA adduct formation, muta:genesis, and carcinogenesis. Although many books and reviews on these subjects have been published, PAH photochemistry and phototoxicity have received much less attention. Therefore, it is intended for this article to provide an up-to-date source of photochemical reaction, photo-transformation, and phototoxicity of PAHs and their oxygenated, nitrated, halogenated, and amino substituted derivatives on a molecular basis. A perspective for future work is also discussed.