Swimbladder inflation, growth and survival of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes, 1833) larvae under different temperature, light and oxygen conditions

Poor swimbladder inflation leads to low fish survival due to resulting spinal deformities and the inability to feed and develop normally. Failure of swimbladder inflation may be attributed to the inappropriate range of abiotic conditions. This study investigated the effects of temperature, light source and intensity, and oxygen conditions on initial swimbladder inflation, growth and survival of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi larvae. The study consisted of four separate trials including low (21.5 degrees C) and high (24.5 degrees C) temperatures, natural and artificial light sources, low (1000 lux) and high (32 000 lux) light intensities, and ambient and supersaturated dissolved oxygen. Initial swimbladder inflation was only significantly affected by light source, with the highest inflation rate (97.5 +/- 3.5%) under artificial light. Fish growth was improved at the higher temperature and at the higher light intensity. Survival was only significantly influenced by light intensity, with the highest survival (11.0 +/- 2.3%) at the high intensity (32 000 lux). This study indicates that light source affects swimbladder inflation timing and high artificial light intensity improves larval fish growth and survival.