The effect of egg white diet on phosphorus control in dialysis patients

Introduction Nutritional interventions have been envisaged to improve hyperphosphatemia and malnutrition, two important risk factors associated with mortality in dialysis patients. We evaluated the effects of egg white consumption on serum phosphate and malnutrition in dialysis patients. Methods In an open-label, per protocol clinical trial, conducted in Kerman dialysis centers, 150 hemodialysis patients aged >= 18 years with serum phosphorus >= 5.5 mg/dl were included in the study. All participants limited their intake of foods containing phosphorus for 4 weeks, and then they were divided into a control and an intervention group. The control group continued their ordinary diet and the participants in the intervention group consumed a Telavang egg white pack (containing six egg whites, 96 calories, 24 g protein) as a substitute for meat products 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Finally, changes in serum albumin, phosphorus, calcium, PTH, and cholesterol were measured. Findings At the baseline, there were no significant differences in the laboratory variables between the two groups. After 8 weeks, serum cholesterol (124.3 +/- 38.1, vs. 135.8 +/- 28.8, p = 0.003) and phosphorus levels (4.5 +/- 1.03, vs. 6.7 +/- 1.5, p = 0.001) were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. Also, serum albumin (4.5 +/- 0.07 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.4, p = 0.001) was significantly higher in the intervention group. Moreover, phosphorus, PTH, and cholesterol levels in the intervention group were significantly lower than their baseline values (p = 0.001). Conclusion The results showed that the egg white could be a useful source of protein for dialysis patients, as it simultaneously reduces serum phosphorus and cholesterol, and increases serum albumin.