Characteristics of animal hoarding cases referred to the RSPCA in New South Wales, Australia

Objective To describe the characteristics of animal hoarding in New South Wales, Australia. Design Cross sectional study of consecutive referred cases. Methods Files of animal hoarding cases referred to RSPCA NSW in 2013-15 were examined. Details concerning animal hoarding cases and supportive services, living conditions and factors believed to have contributed to animal accumulation were recorded. Data were analysed. Results Data were available regarding 48 properties where 50 persons (78% female) were found to be hoarding animals. Most were over 50 years of age; 40% lived alone; 15 (30%) had contact with mental health services and/or community social services. Animal hoarders were categorised as 'breeders' (30%), 'overwhelmed caregiver' (24%), 'rescuers' (22%), 'exploiters' (10%) or 'incipient hoarders' (14%); 24% were associated with animal rescue networks. Accumulation of animals was attributed most commonly to unplanned breeding (60% of properties) and collecting strays (38%). Other reasons for accumulation included receiving donations of animals and planned breeding; in 38% of cases there was only one identified reason. The median number of animals was 35 (range, 6-300), with cats hoarded on 75% of properties and dogs on 52%. In 75% of cases, the living conditions of animals were rated as 'very unsanitary' or 'filthy'. Conclusions This study provides reasons for recommending increased regulatory control of companion animal breeding and management, and training and support for veterinarians to help reduce the human and animal suffering caused by animal hoarding. There is widespread agreement that psychiatric and personality problems underlie cases of animal hoarding. Closer links between animal welfare organisations and mental health services are desirable.