Allergen-specific immunotherapy and personalized medicine: state of the art in 2020

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASI) is currently the only treatment that modifies the course of allergic/ atopic diseases with inflammation mediated by allergen-specific IgE. It is therefore a personalized medicine approach by itself ("treatable trait"). Over the last 20 years, numerous advances, both fundamental and translational, have led to a better understanding of the qualitative and quantitative modifications of the immune system that make it possible to restore tolerance to one or more allergens and therefore potentially the development of predictive biomarkers and monitoring of this tolerance. At the clinical level, this has made it possible to better target the phenotypes of patients who, depending on their disease, will benefit from treatment. The contribution of omits sciences, which development is in full swing, will enable the ASI to initiate the first step towards personalized medicine characterised by the treatment of a "treatable mechanism". (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.