Efficient conservative global transport schemes for climate and atmospheric chemistry models

A computationally efficient mass-conservative transport scheme over the sphere is proposed and tested. The scheme combines a conservative finite-volume method with an efficient semi-Lagrangian scheme based on the dimension splitting "cascade'' method. In the regions near the poles where the conservative cascade procedure breaks down, a globally conservative, but locally approximate scheme is used. This procedure is currently restricted to polar meridional Courant numbers less than one. The resulting conservative cascade scheme is evaluated using a solid-body rotation test and deformational flow test, and found to be both accurate and efficient. Compared to the traditional semi-Lagrangian scheme employing a bicubic-Lagrange interpolator, the proposed scheme is considerably more accurate and almost twice as fast while conserving mass exactly.