A metaheuristic algorithm based on simulated annealing for optimal sizing and techno-economic analysis of PV systems with multi-type of battery energy storage

The battery energy storage unit is one of the main components of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/battery systems to ensure the economy and reliability of the system to satisfy the electrical loads of green building, especially in remote areas. The main objective of this study is the establishment of a method for optimal design of PV arrangements based on multi-type of battery, in which the annual system cost (ASC) and the loss of load supply probability of the hybrid systems are simultaneously minimized. The hybrid method with simulated annealing and a harmony search methods is suggested in the sizing of the hybrid systems based on three types of energy storage which are lithium-ion, absorbed glass mat, and lead-acid. To calculate the future performance of the hybrid scheme, the effect of reliability index variations and the battery unit cost variations on the sizing problem, ASC, and also loss of power probability are calculated. The simulation results show that the battery storage level increases by increasing the ideal unite of PV and storage values to maintain the system reliability level. Also, it is found that an efficient battery type with the optimal size is techno-economically more beneficial, and leads to greater system reliability.