Temporal Monitoring of the Soil Freeze-Thaw Cycles over a Snow-Covered Surface by Using Air-Launched Ground-Penetrating Radar

被引:15
|
作者
Jadoon, Khan Zaib [1 ]
Weihermueller, Lutz [2 ]
McCabe, Matthew F. [1 ]
Moghadas, Davood [3 ]
Vereecken, Harry [2 ]
Lambot, Sebastien [4 ]
机构
[1] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia
[2] Forschungszentrum Julich, Agrosphere IBG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany
[3] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
[4] Catholic Univ Louvain, Earth & Life Inst, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium
关键词
ground-penetrating radar; freeze-thaw cycles; seasonal snow cover; inversion; FROZEN SOIL; GPR SIGNAL; PERMAFROST; BARROW; LANDSCAPE; INVERSION; RUNOFF; FROST; RIVER; AREA;
D O I
10.3390/rs70912041
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
We tested an off-ground ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system at a fixed location over a bare agricultural field to monitor the soil freeze-thaw cycles over a snow-covered surface. The GPR system consisted of a monostatic horn antenna combined with a vector network analyzer, providing an ultra-wideband stepped-frequency continuous-wave radar. An antenna calibration experiment was performed to filter antenna and back scattered effects from the raw GPR data. Near the GPR setup, sensors were installed in the soil to monitor the dynamics of soil temperature and dielectric permittivity at different depths. The soil permittivity was retrieved via inversion of time domain GPR data focused on the surface reflection. Significant effects of soil dynamics were observed in the time-lapse GPR, temperature and dielectric permittivity measurements. In particular, five freeze and thaw events were clearly detectable, indicating that the GPR signals respond to the contrast between the dielectric permittivity of frozen and thawed soil. The GPR-derived permittivity was in good agreement with sensor observations. Overall, the off-ground nature of the GPR system permits non-invasive time-lapse observation of the soil freeze-thaw dynamics without disturbing the structure of the snow cover. The proposed method shows promise for the real-time mapping and monitoring of the shallow frozen layer at the field scale.
引用
收藏
页码:12041 / 12056
页数:16
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