Safety and immunogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine formulations with and without aluminum phosphate and comparison of the formulation of choice with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in elderly adults A randomized open-label trial

This randomized open-label trial was designed to provide preliminary immunogenicity and safety data to support development of the pediatric 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for adults. The aims were to: identify an age-appropriate PCV13 formulation, i.e., with (n = 309) or without (n = 304) aluminum phosphate (AlPO4); compare the selected PCV13 formulation (n = 309) with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23; n = 301); and, together with an extension study, assess sequential use of pneumococcal vaccines at 1-year intervals in adults aged >= 65 years (n = 105) not pre-vaccinated with PPSV23. Immune responses were measured by ELISA and opsonophagocytic activity assays 1 month postvaccination. Immunoglobulin G responses elicited by PCV13 with AlPO4 and PCV13 without AlPO4 were similar for the majority, and noninferior for all PCV13 serotypes. PCV13 with AlPO4 was generally more reactogenic, with reactions mainly mild or moderate. Thus, PCV13 with AlPO4 (hereafter PCV13) became the selected formulation. Immune responses to PCV13 were noninferior for all but one serotype and for most PCV13 serotypes superior to PPSV23. Vaccine sequence assessments showed that for PCV13/PPSV23, the initial PCV13 dose generally enhanced responses to a subsequent PPSV23 dose, compared with PPSV23 alone. For PCV13/PCV13, a second dose did not enhance the first dose response when given after 1 year. For PCV13/PPSV23/PCV13, priming with PCV13 (vaccination 1) did not protect against lower responses induced by PPSV23 to subsequent PCV13 (vaccination 3). In conclusion, the pediatric PCV13 formulation with AlPO4 is well tolerated and immunogenic in adults, is generally more immunogenic than PPSV23, and subsequent vaccination with PPSV23 is possible if required.