Classic PID Control method which was based on precise mathematical model had poor adaptivity and was not adaptive to nonlinear and time-variant plants. The stability of general neural network was always affected by initial weight value. So the controlling algorithm which was based on RBF neural network and had a simple structure was provided. It was applied to pneumatic position servo system. Simulation and experiments show that the PID control method based on RBF neural network which has self-study and self-adaptability can be adaptive to great change of controlled plant, has excellent robustness, and is better than conventional PID control in static performance, dynamic performance and anti-jamming capacity. The algorithm that is applied to pneumatic position servo system is effective.