Effect of preparation practices and the cowpea cultivar Vigna unguiculata L. Walp on the quality and content of myo-inositol phosphate in akara (fried bean paste)

Akara is one of Brazil's national treasures prepared from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), grated onions and salt and deep-fried in crude palm oil. The results of this study on akara preparation methods showed that, in general, cowpeas were soaked for up 3 hours at room temperature, and the seed coats were then removed. The akara makers preferred the olho de pombo cultivar, because of its cream hue, or the macassar cultivar because it produces a crispier paste. The seeds purchased from street markets had lower ranges of InsP(6), InsP(5), and InsP(4) (1.03-7.62 mu mol.g(-1); 0.14-1.31 mu mol.g(-1); and 0.0-0.10 mu mol.g(-1), respectively) than both the paste and akara (6.72-19.24 mu mol.g(-1); 1.29-4.57 mu mol.g(-1); 0.0-0.76 mu mol.g(-1); 3.31-13.71 mu mol.g(-1); 0.0-4.48 mu mol.g(-1); and 0.0-1.32 mu mol.g(-1)). These results suggest that other beans or cowpea varieties have been used in the preparation of akara and that the phytate levels do not affect its nutritional quality.