Wave transmission at submerged rubblemound breakwaters

Submerged rubblemound breakwaters are becoming more popular as a potential alternative to coastal protection measures where a moderate degree of energy transmission is acceptable. Such situations include areas where vegetative shore protection is existing or proposed or in the event that an existing shore protection structure has become damaged or under designed and a method is needed to reduce the incident wave energy. Although there have been previous investigations on the performance of submerged rubblemound breakwaters, there are only a few design equations available to the design engineer, Those available are based on a limited range of input design variables and as a result are insufficient in some cases.