Euler based finite element analysis on high velocity impact behaviour in cold spraying

Finite element analysis on the high velocity impact behaviour in cold spraying is conducted using the Euler method. The simulation results demonstrate that the Euler method is capable of realising the reliable simulation on some complicated impact processes. The comparative deformation ratio (CDR) is proposed, which is defined as the ratio of dimensionless crater depth to compressional ratio, to evaluate the comparative deformation degree between the particle and substrate. Proper CDR and sufficiently large compressional ratio can ensure the well bonding between the particle and substrate. Furthermore, for the multiparticle impact process, it is found that, after the deposition of the first layer coating, the subsequent impact process can be considered as particles impacting on the same material no matter what substrate is coated. When the velocity is increased to a hypervelocity (erosion velocity), extreme erosion occurs in the substrate or the formed coatings, resulting in the poor performance of the coating.