The medical progress of recent decades has dramatically changed the course of congenital diseases previously considered as lethal in childhood. Thus, cystic fibrosis is now seen as a chronic disease which, due to its various limitations, is classified as a disability; however, with a varying and progressive course. Due to its improved prognosis, death and mortality are no longer the only focus of the disease, but rather therapy of the direct, medico-somatic and increasingly indirect, further and often complex limitations caused by cystic fibrosis. Patient quality of life, as with many other diseases, has become the focal point. Cystic fibrosis patients in particular face a multitude of therapeutic and disease-related limiting factors which stand between them and normality. Caring for this patient group requires a multidisciplinary approach involving a wide range of specialities.