Deep-sea sediments of the global ocean

Although the deep-sea floor accounts for approximately 60 % of Earth's surface, there has been little progress in relation to deriving maps of seafloor sediment distribution based on transparent, repeatable, and automated methods such as machine learning. A new digital map of the spatial distribution of seafloor lithologies below 500 m water depth is presented to address this shortcoming The lithology map is accompanied by estimates of the probability of the most probable class, which may be interpreted as a spatially explicit measure of confidence in the predictions, and probabilities for the occurrence of five lithology classes (calcareous sediment, clay, diatom ooze, lithogenous sediment, and radiolarian ooze). These map products were derived by the application of the random-forest machine-learning algorithm to a homogenised dataset of seafloor lithology samples and global environmental predictor variables that were selected based on the current understanding of the controls on the spatial distribution of deep-sea sediments. It is expected that the map products are useful for various purposes including, but not limited to, teaching, management, spatial planning, design of marine protected areas, and as input for global spatial predictions of marine species distributions and seafloor sediment properties. The map products are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911692 (Diesing, 2020).