Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Eocene-Oligocene potassic felsic suites in western Yunnan, eastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from petrology, zircon chronology, elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic geochemistry

In western Yunnan, potassic felsic suites with important Cu mineralization have been interpreted as being genetically associated with the Ailao Shan-Red River (ASRR) shear zone. In this paper, we show that the magmatism is unrelated to the shear zone, but shares many characteristics in common with potassic suites along the Jinsha suture to the north and northwest on the northern Tibetan Plateau, representing a magmatic response to the continued India-Asia convergence since the collision in the early Eocene. These felsic suites include syenite, monzogranite porphyries and granite porphyries. We dated 15 representative samples using zircon U-Pb method that gives a tight emplacement age of similar to 37-35 Ma. On 45 representative samples, we have done bulk-rock major element, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope analysis. We use these data, together with zircon Hf isotope data and the literature data on potassic mafic suites in the region to discuss the petrogenesis of these rocks. We conclude that the petrogenesis of the felsic potassic suites is most consistent with a scenario of deep (>= 40 km) melting of thickened crust. The crustal melting is caused by intrusion and underplating of potassic mafic melts derived from melting of metasomatized mantle lithosphere. The mafic potassic suites in the region result from such mantle melts. Mixing of the mafic melts with the felsic melts explains the syenite and monzogranite porphyries and their extended fractional crystallization gives rise to the granite porphyries. The potassic suites along the Jinsha suture, including those from northern Tibet, western Yunnan and Vietnam, share the same tectonic setting during the Eocene-Oligocene. In response to the continued India-Asia convergence, removal of the lower continental lithospheric mantle triggered by Rayleigh-Taylor convective instability induces asthenosphere upwelling, partial melting of the metasomatized mantle lithosphere. We hypothesize that the eastward migration of the potassic magmatism along the Jinsha suture in the period of Eocene-Oligocene results from eastward thickening and removing of the continental lithospheric mantle along the suture, which, in time and space, correlates with the dischronal subduction of the torn Indian continental slab at ca. 52 Ma along the India-Asia collision zone. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.