Direct shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration in Fortunella crassifolia

An efficient in vitro regeneration system in kumquats (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle) was established. Explant types and orientations, concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators were evaluated for their influences on efficiency of plant regeneration. It was found that the optimum explant and its orientation was epicotyl planted vertically with upper part upward, and a shoot regeneration frequency of 1.48 shoots per explant was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (1962; MS) medium supplemented with 22.19 mu M 6-benzyladenine (BA). A rooting percentage as high as 74% was obtained on 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.54 mu M 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 9.29 mu M kinetin (KN), and 0.5 g dm(-3) activated charcoal.