Evaluation of an American Sign Language co-curricular training for pharmacy students

Background and purpose: With a prevalence of about one million d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing (HOH) patients that utilize American Sign Language (ASL) and the strong potential for communication barriers to adversely influence patient care outcomes, strategies must be developed to support health care professionals and students in learning to better care for d/Deaf and HOH patients. The primary objective of this project was to implement and assess a co-curricular course focused on helping student pharmacists become more confident and comfortable in communicating with d/Deaf and HOH patients. Educational activity and setting: The co-curricular course (ASL for the Pharmacy Professional) consisted of four 90-min classes, each covering different words/phrases and Deaf cultural competence. Students were taught basic ASL including the alphabet, numbers, vocabulary, and sentence structure. Deaf culture and d/Deaf patient interaction was also covered. Students interacted with a Deaf physician over Skype and with d/Deaf and HOH individuals from the local community. Findings: Pre- and post-surveys that contained an identical set of questions were administered before and after course completion. Surveys assessed confidence and level of comfort of first- and second-professional year student pharmacists surrounding Deaf culture and interacting with d/Deaf and HOH patients. Following the course, students reported significantly improved confidence in communicating with d/Deaf patients directly and with a translator. Summary: Following completion of a co-curricular ASL course, doctor of pharmacy students perceived an increase in confidence in working with d/Deaf and HOH patients. Program logistics were simplified through collaboration with an outside entity.