Lightweight Cryptography for Resource Constrained Devices

Counterfeiting of products is constantly increasing, and more so in developing markets. As per the statistics counterfeiting incidents have increased over 24% in India in the year 2019 over previous years and badly hitting the economy by creating an over of 1-lakh-crore hole in the economy. These counterfeited products pose a threat to the sales figures of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM)'s and the safety of end-users. Problem of counterfeiting can be reduced substantially by providing a means for distinguishing the original product from the duplicates circulating in the market. Cryptography is a method used to encrypt certain data that can only be read in its original form by the person for whom the information is intended by the method of decryption. In order to fit these cryptographic algorithms into the products, the cryptographic primitives deployed on these devices have to be lightweight so as to not increase the size of the end product. In this paper, we have discussed and validated a method of authenticating original products. Low-cost methods of cryptography are required for the widespread adoption of anti-counterfeiting measures Hummingbird-2 is a robust lightweight cryptographic algorithm that strikes a good balance between cost and security and it has comparatively a smaller footprint when compared to other light weight cryptographic algorithms. This paper, details the design and validation of Hummingbird-2 a light weight cryptographic algorithm and its implementation using Verilog in Xilinx ISE. The algorithm is of tested for an input which is the plain text and key size of 128bits respectively. The validated functional design is implemented on the target platform SPARTAN 6. A comparison between Hummingbird-2 and Present-80 algorithms is also presented. Quantitative analysis of timing analysis, slice utilization, macro statistics and memory usage of algorithm is tabulated and presented.