Functionally graded materials: A review of computational materials science algorithms, production techniques, and their biomedical applications

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are specially designed composite materials that gradually change their material properties. This distinctive property of materials comes with new challenges in the design and manufacturing sector. For such challenges, the best options are material property computation and material modelling using different computational materials science (CMS) algorithms. This review paper provides enriched information on CMS with an overview of the available FGM production techniques with a detailed study of FGM use in biomedical applications based on the available literature over the past couple of decades.