Hybrid-mesh modelling & validation of woven fabric subjected to medium velocity impact

Simulation of the ballistic impact on a woven fabric structure is known to be difficult due to their warp-weft yarn interlacing geometry, the varying cross-section of a yarn along its length, the multi-layer and direction of the fabric, and the contact between individual yarns. To account for the complex geometry and contact behaviour, fabric structures were modelled with meso-scale (yam level) geometrical details, which demanded a substantial amount of computational resources. In this research, a hybrid-mesh finite element modelling approach that possesses greater computational efficiency has been developed to simulate the behaviour of multi-layer woven fabrics subjected to medium velocity impact. Yarn models are developed using different mesh sizes: four, six, eight, and twelve solid elements per cross-section with one and two layer mesh arrangements. They are then used to create hybrid-mesh fabric models, in which the finest mesh yams are placed at the impact centre, and gradually decreasing mesh densities are used towards the fabric boundaries. The FE results, including deformation, stress distribution, and wave propagation, are evaluated. The simulation indicated a significant reduction in computational resources while maintaining the necessary accuracy.