Cumulative adverse effects of offshore wind energy development on wildlife

被引:33
|
作者
Goodale, M. Wing [1 ,2 ]
Milman, Anita [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
[2] Biodivers Res Inst, Portland, ME USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
adverse effects; cumulative effects; mitigation; offshore wind farm; wildlife; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; BAT FATALITIES; COMPENSATORY MITIGATION; WETLAND MITIGATION; FARMS; BIRD; SEABIRDS; BEHAVIOR; TURBINES; SCALE;
D O I
10.1080/09640568.2014.973483
中图分类号
F0 [经济学]; F1 [世界各国经济概况、经济史、经济地理]; C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号
0201 ; 020105 ; 03 ; 0303 ;
摘要
Offshore wind energy development (OWED) is being pursued as a critical component in achieving a low-carbon energy economy. While the potential generating capacity is high, the cumulative effects of expansion of OWED on wildlife remain unclear. Since environmental regulations in many countries require analysis of the cumulative adverse effects (CAE) during permitting processes, this paper reviews the state of knowledge on CAE of OWED on wildlife. We synthesize ecological research on the effects of OWED on wildlife; delineate a framework for determining the scope of CAE assessments; describe approaches to avoiding, minimizing and compensating for CAE; and discuss critical uncertainties.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 21
页数:21
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