Randomized Clinical Trial of Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Versus Codeine/Acetaminophen in the Treatment of Acute Extremity Pain After Emergency Department Discharge

被引:19
|
作者
Chang, Andrew K. [1 ]
Bijur, Polly E. [1 ]
Munjal, Kevin G. [2 ]
Gallagher, E. John [1 ]
机构
[1] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
[2] Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, New York, NY 10029 USA
关键词
DOUBLE-BLIND; COMBINATION HYDROCODONE; PARALLEL-GROUP; ACETAMINOPHEN; OXYCODONE; CODEINE; IBUPROFEN; MODERATE; PLACEBO; OPIOIDS;
D O I
10.1111/acem.12331
中图分类号
R4 [临床医学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100602 ;
摘要
ObjectivesThe objective was to test the hypothesis that hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Vicodin [5/500]) provides more efficacious analgesia than codeine/acetaminophen (Tylenol #3 [30/300]) in patients discharged from the emergency department (ED). Both are currently Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Schedule III narcotics. MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of patients with acute extremity pain who were discharged home from the ED, comparing a 3-day supply of oral hydrocodone/acetaminophen (5mg/500mg) to oral codeine/acetaminophen (30mg/300mg). Pain was measured on a valid and reproducible verbal numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10, and patients were contacted by telephone approximately 24hours after being discharged. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in improvement in pain at 2hours following the most recent ingestion of the study drug, relative to the time of phone contact after ED discharge. Secondary outcomes compared side-effect profiles and patient satisfaction. ResultsThe median time from ED discharge to follow-up was 26hours (interquartile range [IQR]= 24 to 39hours). The mean NRS pain score before the most recent dose of pain medication after ED discharge was 7.6 NRS units for both groups. The mean decrease in pain scores 2hours after pain medications were taken were 3.9 NRS units in the hydrocodone/acetaminophen group versus 3.5 NRS units in the codeine/acetaminophen group, for a difference of 0.4 NRS units (95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.3 to 1.2 NRS units). No differences were found in side effects or patient satisfaction. ConclusionsBoth medications decreased NRS pain scores by approximately 50%. However, the oral hydrocodone/acetaminophen failed to provide clinically or statistically superior pain relief compared to oral codeine/acetaminophen when prescribed to patients discharged from the ED with acute extremity pain. Similarly, there were no clinically or statistically important differences in side-effect profiles or patient satisfaction. If the DEA reclassifies hydrocodone as a Schedule II narcotic, as recently recommended by its advisory board, our data suggest that the codeine/acetaminophen may be a clinically reasonable Schedule III substitute for hydrocodone/acetaminophen at ED discharge. These findings should be regarded as tentative and require independent validation in similar and other acute pain models. Resumen ObjetivosComprobar la hipotesis que hidrocodona/paracetamol (Vicodin [5/500]) proporciona mayor eficacia analgesica que codeina/paracetamol (Tylenol#3 [30/300]) en los pacientes dados de alta desde el servicio de urgencias (SU). Ambos son actualmente opiaceos de la lista III de la Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). MetodologiaEnsayo clinico prospectivo aleatorizado y doble ciego de pacientes con dolor agudo de una extremidad que fueron dados de alta desde el SU, que compara el tratamiento de 3 dias de hidrocodona/paracetamol (5mg/500mg) por via oral o codeina/paracetamol (30mg/300mg) por via oral. El dolor se midio con una escala de puntuacion numerica verbal validada y reproducible que iba de 0 a 10, y se contacto con los pacientes por telefono aproximadamente a las 24 horas tras ser dados de alta. El resultado principal fue la diferencia entre los grupos en la mejoria del dolor a las dos horas tras la toma mas reciente del farmaco en estudio, en relacion al tiempo del contacto telefonico tras el alta del SU. Los resultados secundarios compararon el perfil de efectos secundaros y la satisfaccion del paciente. ResultadosLa mediana de tiempo desde el alta del SU hasta el seguimiento fue de 26 horas (rango intercuartilico [RIC] 24 a 39 horas). La puntuacion del dolor segun la escala de puntuacion numerica antes de la dosis mas reciente de analgesico tras el alta del SU fue de 7,6 unidades para ambos grupos. La media de descenso en las puntuaciones del dolor a las 2 horas de la toma del analgesico fue de 3,9 unidades en el grupo hidrocodona/paracetamol frente 3,5 unidades en el grupo codeina/paracetamol, con una diferencia de 0,4 unidades (IC 95%=-0,3 a 1,2 unidades). No se encontraron diferencias en los efectos secundarios ni en la satisfaccion del paciente. ConclusionesAmbas medicaciones disminuyeron las puntuaciones del dolor aproximadamente un 50%. Sin embargo, la hidrocodona/paracetamol fallo en proporcionar un alivio clinico o estadisticamente mayor en comparacion con la codeina/paracetamol por via oral cuando se prescribio a los pacientes dados de alta desde un SU con dolor agudo de una extremidad. Igualmente, no hubo diferencias clinica o estadisticamente importantes en el perfil de efectos secundarios o en la satisfaccion del paciente. Si la DEA reclasifica la hidrocodona como una opiaceo de la lista II, como recientemente recomendo el consejo asesor, nuestros datos sugieren que codeina/paracetamol puede ser un sustituto clinico razonable de la lista III de la DEA para la hidrocodona/paracetamol al alta del SU. Estos hallazgos deberian ser considerados como provisionales, y requieren una validacion independiente con modelos similares asi como con otros modelos de dolor agudo.
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页码:227 / 235
页数:9
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