Carbon-Supported Molybdenum-Based Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Maize Oil

The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of maize oil was performed in an autoclave with Mo-based catalysts supported by different carbon materials, such as reduced graphene oxide, activated charcoal, graphite, and fullerene. Nanostructured Mo-based catalysts with different phase compositions were prepared by using the carbothermal hydrogen reduction method at temperatures ranging from 500 to 700 degrees C and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, N-2 adsorption isotherms, SEM, TEM, XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption. The highest total hydrocarbon yield of 90.32% was obtained on the reduced graphene oxide-supported molybdenum carbide catalyst at 700 degrees C. These results are subject to the complicated effect of different factors such as phase composition, defect concentration, and particle size on the catalytic behavior of the materials. Unique structures of different supports also play a significant role in the HDO reaction. On the basis of the results of comprehensive analysis of products and catalysts, an HDO mechanism was proposed. These Mo-based catalysts are a promising system to prepare high-quality diesel fuels from renewable resources.