Deep Water Masses and Sediments Are Main Compartments for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Arctic Ocean

被引:66
|
作者
Sobek, Anna [1 ]
Gustafsson, Orjan [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[2] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
基金
瑞典研究理事会;
关键词
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; BARENTS SEA; TIME TRENDS; SURFACE; ATLANTIC; PCBS; CONTAMINATION; CHEMICALS; SEAWATER;
D O I
10.1021/es500736q
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
There is a wealth of studies of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in surface water and biota of the Arctic Ocean. Still, there are no observation-based assessments of PCB distribution and inventories in and between the major Arctic Ocean compartments. Here, the first water column distribution of PCBs in the central Arctic Ocean basins (Nansen, Amundsen, and Makarov) is presented, demonstrating nutrient-like vertical profiles with 5-10 times higher concentrations in the intermediate and deep water masses than in surface waters. The consistent vertical profiles in all three Arctic Ocean basins likely reflect buildup of PCBs transported from the shelf seas and from dissolution and/or mineralization of settling particles. Combined with measurement data on PCBs in other Arctic Ocean compartments collected over the past decade, the total Arctic Ocean inventory of Sigma 7PCB was estimated to 182 +/- 40 t (+/- 1 standard error of the mean), with sediments (144 +/- 40 t), intermediate (5 +/- 1 t) and deep water masses (30 +/- 2 t) storing 98% of the PCBs in the Arctic Ocean. Further, we used hydrographic and carbon cycle parametrizations to assess the main pathways of PCBs into and out of the Arctic Ocean during the 20th century. River discharge appeared to be the major pathway for PCBs into the Arctic Ocean with 115 +/- 11 t, followed by ocean currents (52 +/- 17 t) and net atmospheric deposition (30 +/- 28 t). Ocean currents provided the only important pathway out of the Arctic Ocean, with an estimated cumulative flux of 22 +/- 10 t. The observation-based inventory of Sigma 7PCB of 182 +/- 40 t is consistent with the contemporary inventory based on cumulative fluxes for Sigma 7PCB of 173 +/- 36 t. Information on the concentration and distribution of PCBs in the deeper compartments of the Arctic Ocean improves our understanding of the large-scale fate of POPs in the Arctic and may also provide a means to test and improve models used to assess the fate of organic pollutants in the Arctic.
引用
收藏
页码:6719 / 6725
页数:7
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [1] Polychlorinated biphenyls in air and water of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean
    Gioia, Rosalinda
    Lohmann, Rainer
    Dachs, Jordi
    Temme, Christian
    Lakaschus, Soenke
    Schulz-Bull, Detlef
    Hand, Ines
    Jones, Kevin C.
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2008, 113 (D19)
  • [2] Arctic ocean deep water masses in the western Iceland Sea
    Buch, E
    Malmberg, SA
    Kristmannsson, SS
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, 1996, 101 (C5) : 11965 - 11973
  • [3] Trace elements and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in terrestrial compartments of Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic
    Aslam, Shazia N.
    Huber, Carolin
    Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G.
    Steinnes, Eiliv
    Mikkelsen, Oyvind
    SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 2019, 685 : 1127 - 1138
  • [4] A preliminary assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in deep-sea sediments from the Indian Ocean
    Cheng, Zhineng
    Lin, Tian
    Xu, Weihai
    Xu, Yue
    Li, Jun
    Luo, Chunling
    Zhang, Gan
    MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN, 2015, 94 (1-2) : 323 - 328
  • [5] On the relative significance of bacteria for the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in arctic ocean surface waters
    Sobek, A
    Olli, K
    Gustafsson, O
    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2006, 40 (08) : 2586 - 2593
  • [6] ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS IN THE ARCTIC-OCEAN FOOD WEB
    HARGRAVE, BT
    HARDING, GC
    VASS, WP
    ERICKSON, PE
    FOWLER, BR
    SCOTT, V
    ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 1992, 22 (01) : 41 - 54
  • [7] POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS - PENETRATION INTO DEEP OCEAN BY ZOOPLANKTON FECAL PELLET TRANSPORT
    ELDER, DL
    FOWLER, SW
    SCIENCE, 1977, 197 (4302) : 459 - 461
  • [8] Spatial trends and historical deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in Canadian midlatitude and Arctic lake sediments
    Muir, DCG
    Omelchenko, A
    Grift, NP
    Savoie, DA
    Lockhart, WL
    Wilkinson, P
    Brunskill, GJ
    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 1996, 30 (12) : 3609 - 3617
  • [9] Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in deep water shark liver tissue
    Lynch, Robert
    Pham, Huy
    Hileman, Fred
    Snyder, Richard
    ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 2015, 249
  • [10] POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AND DDT METABOLITES IN THE SURFACE-WATER OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
    BRUGMANN, L
    LUCKAS, B
    ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA, 1979, 7 (04): : 435 - 447