Cardiovascular risk factors levels of Pacific people in a New Zealand multicultural workforce

Aims. To compare cardiovascular risk factors among the major Pacific Island communities participating in a New Zealand multicultural workforce survey. Method. There were 650 employed Pacific Island participants (Samoan 357, Cook Islands 177, Tongan 71, Niuean 45), aged 40-65 years, who were interviewed in a work-based, cross-sectional survey. During an oral glucose tolerance test, blood samples were collected for determination of blood glucose and serum lipids. Participants provided information on smoking and leisure time physical activity. Blood pressure, weight and height were measured and body mass index calculated. Ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease was calculated using equations from the Framingham study. Results. Among men, their ten-year risk of a cardiovascular event was similar for the four communities compared (range 11.5% to 13.2%). However, individual risk factors did vary between the ethnic groups with Cook Island men having significantly higher total cholesterol, blood pressure and urinary microalbumin than other Pacific Island ethnic groups, while Tongan men were more likely to smoke and had lower HDL levels than other groups. Among women, Samoan and Cook Island participants had significantly higher ten-year cardiovascular risk scores (5.7%) than Niuean (1.4%) and Tongan (3.7%), due primarily to elevated total cholesterol levels. Conclusion. Cardiovascular risk factor levels vary between Pacific Islands communities in New Zealand. Targeted interventions to specific Pacific communities may be more beneficial than the current homogeneous prevention strategy applied to all communities.