Glimpses of the modification of perovskite with graphene-analogous materials in photocatalytic applications

In the 21st century, at a global level, energy and environment are the most important issues. The green approach to solve these issues is photocatalysis. In this regard, perovskite-based materials owing to their inexpensiveness and non-toxicity have attracted significant interest. The photocatalytic activity of perovskite and layered perovskite needs some modification to provide better activity than that of the neat one. The modification can be done by replacing cations, formation of heterojunctions or formation of composites. This critical review presents and discusses the current development of perovskite, layered perovskite, and their composites especially with p-conjugated carbon materials towards photocatalytic applications. After introduction of the synthesis methods of perovskite and layered perovskite as well as their properties, we focus on the description of various methods to synthesize their composites, mainly those with graphene, carbon nano-tubes and carbon nitrides. Particular importance is placed on strategies for the optimization of composite properties. Lastly, the advantages of perovskite and layered perovskite based composites in applications such as photocatalytic H-2 production and pollutant degradation are described in detail.