Characterization of non-extractable residues of the fungicide dithianon in soil using 13C/14C-labelling techniques

The fate of the C-14-labelled fungicide dithianon in soil is characterized by the formation of non-extractable, "bound" residues of approximate to63% of applied amount in 64 d. Humic acids containing these "bound" residues were isolated after conducting degradation studies of the active ingredient in an orthic luvisol under standardized conditions. In the same way, C-13-labelled dithianon was incubated in an artificial soil which was produced by humification of C-13-depleted straw in an incinerated soil. The "bound" residues of the C-13-labelled dithianon in the humic acid fraction of the artificial soil were analyzed using C-13-NMR techniques. There was no evidence of a covalent bonding of the residues to the humic substances. Results of polarity gradient high performance thin layer chromatography (AMD-HPTLC) of "bound" residues of the C-14-labelled dithianon in the humic acid fraction indicate a sequestration process of metabolites into the humic substance as a possible binding mechanism. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.