Numerical investigation of Coulomb gauge of magnetic vector potential for 3D fields

In this paper the penalty function method for the fulfillment of the Coulomb gauge of the magnetic vector potential in the finite element analysis of magnetic field problems is introduced. The Galerkin forms of method of weighted residual equations for the corresponding boundary value problems are derived. Some numerical performances of the Coulomb gauge are investigated by FEM modeling. Included are the improvement of the property of the FEM matrix equation system, the satisfaction of divergence-free of the magnetic vector potential, and the effect on the solution accuracy of the magnetic field problems.