Predictors of admission in patients presenting to the emergency department with urinary tract infection

Previous studies examining the management of urinary tract infections (UTI) showed marked variability in the economical burden of care, with a tenfold increase in costs when patients require admission to the hospital. We sought to examine the patient and emergency department (ED) characteristics associated with hospitalization in patients presenting to the ED with UTI. An estimate of 10,798,343 patients with a primary diagnosis of UTI was presented to the ED from 2006 to 2009 and was abstracted from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Univariable and multivariable analyses examined patient and hospital characteristics of those admitted with UTI. Between 2006 and 2009, 10.8 million patients presented to the ED in the United States for the treatment of UTI and 1.8 million patients (16.7 %) were admitted to the hospital for further management. Admitted patients were older, and a higher proportion had pyelonephritis, was male, and had Medicare. Admitted patients were also more likely to be seen at urban teaching hospitals, and/or treated at zip codes with higher median incomes. Following multivariable analysis, the independent predictors of admission included pyelonephritis (OR 5.29, 95 % CI 5.23-5.35), male gender (OR 1.58, 95 % CI 1.56-1.59), and advancing age (OR 1.037, 95 % CI 1.037-1.037). Expansion in ED utilization for the management of UTI has exceeded previous estimates. While the preponderance of patients presenting to the ED for UTI is discharged home, 16.7 % are admitted for further management. Predictors of inpatient admission on multivariable analyses included pyelonephritis, advancing age, and male gender.