Comparing the cost of nurse practitioners and GPs in primary care: modelling economic data from randomised trials

Background The role of nurse practitioners in primary care has recently expanded. While there are some outcome data available for different types of consultations, little is known about the relative cost. Aim To compare the cost of primary care provided by nurse practitioners with that of salaried GPs. Design of study Synthesis, modelling, and analysis of published data from the perspective of general practices and the NHS. Data sources Two published randomised controlled trials. Method A dataset of resource use for a simulated group of patients in a typical consultation was modelled. Current unit costs were used to obtain a consensus mean cost per consultation. Results Mean cost of a nurse practitioner consultation was estimated at 9.46 pound (95% confidence interval [CI] = 29.16 to 9.75) pound and for a GP was 9.30 pound (95% CI = 9.04 pound to 9.56) pound according to salary and overheads, that is, from the perspective of general practices. From the NHS perspective, which included training costs, the estimated mean costs were 30.35 pound (95% Cl = 27.10 pound to 33.59) pound and 28.14 pound (95% Cl = 25.43 pound to 30.84) pound respectively. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the time spent by GPs contributing to nurse practitioners' consultations (including return visits) was an important factor in increasing costs associated with nurse practitioners. Conclusion Employing a nurse practitioner in primary care is likely to cost much the same as employing a salaried GP according to currently available data. There is considerable variability of qualifications and experience of nurse practitioners, which suggests that skill-mix decisions should depend on the full range of roles and responsibilities rather than cost.