Meta-analysis of related factors of impulse control disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease

Background: To explore the related factors of impulse control disorders (ICDs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search to identify studies on impulse control disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease. The related factors were compared to discriminate between PD patients with ICDs (PD-ICDs +)and PD patients without ICDs(PD-ICDs-)by a meta-analysis. Results: 96 full-texts were assessed, and 15 were included (PD-ICDs +: 999; PD-ICDs-: 3507). The results showed that PD-ICDs + were significantly associated with younger age (SMD = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.50 - -0.28, P < 0.01), male sex(OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.34-2.02, P < 0.01), smoking habit(OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.16-4.47,P = 0.02), dopamine receptor agonist use(DA use) (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.86-6.26,P < 0.01), dopamine receptor agonist equivalent daily dose(DA LEDD) (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.14 - 0.70,P = 0.003), levodopa equivalent daily dose(total LEDD) (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.14 - 0.49,P < 0.01), and amantadine use(OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.67-3.06,P < 0.01). While levodopa dose (SMD = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.09 -0.19,P = 0.48), Hoehn and Yahr stage(H & Y stage) (SMD =-0.05, 95% CI: -0.14 - 0.04,P = 0.27), MDS-UPDRS Part III score(UPDRS III score) (SMD =-0.05, 95% CI: -0.13 - 0.03,P = 0.24), PD duration (SMD =-0.23, 95% CI: 0.10 - 0.37,P < 0.01)and Mini-Mental Status Examination score (MMSE score) (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI: -0.11 - 0.31,P = 0.33)were not related with PD-ICDs+. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the previous results that younger age, male gender, smoking habit, longer PD duration, DA use, DA LEDD, total LEDD were high risk factors of PD-ICDs+.