A hybrid method for harmonic state estimation in partially observable systems

In line with the accomplishment of PQ standards, the search for methodologies to estimate harmonic distortions in large electrical networks, using a small number of meters, emerges as a challenging subject. In this way, this paper proposes a new methodology for HSE in underdetermined power systems monitored with a small number of meters. The HSE approach is modeled as an optimization problem, for which, the solution is achieved using a new strategy, called HA, obtained from the union of the ES algorithm based on CMA with the SADE algorithm. To highlight the approach application, simulations studies are carried out using two transmission systems, and the results enhance the estimation accuracy offered by the HA in comparison to two other HSE methods.