Who should be given priority for public funding?

Background: This study explored if Koreans consider the type of disease, rarity, and availability of alternative treatments as priority criteria in limited healthcare resource allocation. Materials and methods: A web-based survey was conducted with a representative sample of 3,482 Korean adults. Participants were divided into six cohorts, differing in terms of the disease being compared and the cost and benefits of the treatments. Each cohort was asked two questions: 1) How to allocate a fixed budget into each of the two groups (cancer vs non-cancer, rare vs common, no other treatments available vs several treatments available), all else being equal; 2) allocation choices when conditions of two groups differed. The McNemar test was used to assess changes in responses between the two questions. Results: Under the control condition, the majority chose to treat an even number of patients with cancer and non-cancer diseases, and preferred to treat common diseases and those with no alternative treatments. However, when the treatment effects or costs of two comparison groups changed, choice shifted toward more effective or less costly treatment. Conclusions: While Koreans generally support the principle of health maximization, they also believe that priority should be given to diseases that previously did not have any treatments. However, no priority was given to cancer or rare diseases. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.