Survey on Characteristics, Architecture and Applications of Digital Twin Power Grid

Digital twin power grid aims to build the digital twin of physical power grid for power grid company using the emerging digital twin technology. The three key characteristics of digital twin power grid are summarized as data knowledge hybrid driven, real-time bidirectional interaction, and the mixture and symbiosis of virtual space and physical space. The standard evaluation criteria of digital twin power grid project is discussed. The typical architecture design of digital twin power grid is reviewed. Based on five dimension digital twin model, a four-layer general reference architecture including physical part of power grid layer, digital twin data layer, digital space of power grid layer and application layer is proposed. These applications of digital twin power grid in system analysis, state evaluation, data prediction, health maintenance, simulation and modeling and other aspects are concluded. The significance and value of the evolution from digital twin power grid to digital twin Energy Internet and Smart Energy System are discussed. Finally, the existing challenging problems of digital twin power grid are summarized from six aspects: data management, model construction, visualization, information and physical security, standard establishment and ecosystem construction.