Cytogenetic abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Objective: To systematically assess the prevalence of fragile X syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and other cytogenetic abnormalities in a group of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Blood samples were obtained from 100 children (64 boys) with combined type ADHD and normal intelligence and analyzed for the presence of fragile X mutation expansions, the 22q11.2 microdeletion associated with velocardiofacial syndrome, and cytogenetic abnormalities that would be detected with high resolution chromosomal banding. Results: One girl with ADHD had a sex chromosome aneuploidy (47,XXX). One boy had a premutation-sized allele for fragile X; no subjects showed the full mutation. Testing for 22q11.2 microdeletion was negative for all subjects with ADHD screened, None of these differences exceeded those expected by chance. Conclusions: In the absence of clinical signs or positive family history, these relatively expensive laboratory assessments are not clinically indicated for children with ADHD and normal intelligence, and are not recommended as a component of other genetic investigations of this disorder.